One of a series of 22 portraits of Polish kings commissioned for the Marble Room at the Royal Castle in Warsaw. The painting is listed in the 1795 catalogue of the Stanisław August collection under no. 1171. Báthory István (1533–86), Prince of Transylvania 1571–6. King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (reg. 1576–86) as Stefan I Báthory. Inscribed on the back: Nro 15/ STEPHANVS/ BATOREUS/ Princeps Transylvaniae,/ Natus Ao 1532. Electus in/ Regem Poloniae d: 15 Decemb:/ Ao 1575. Coronatus d: 30. Maij./ Ao 1576. Livoniam recupera=/vit. Obijt Grodnae d. 12. Xbris/ Ao 1585. AEtatis 54. Regni. 11./ Strenuus et Justus./ Poloniae non Satis/ Vixit. The marble plaque beneath the painting is inscribed: STEPHANUS BATHOREUS/ + MDLXXXVI.